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Diabetes: Types, Causes and Symptoms

Dr. Tasnim Zara

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It is a metabolic disorder that affects how the body processes food and converts it into energy. Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide, and its incidence is increasing every year. In this article, we will discuss the types, causes, and symptoms of diabetes.

Types of Diabetes: There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in a lack of insulin production, leading to high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in children and young adults, and they require daily insulin injections to manage their blood sugar levels.

Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for approximately 90% of all cases. In this type of diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels properly. Type 2 diabetes is usually associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of exercise, and poor diet. It can be managed through lifestyle changes, medication, and insulin injections.

Gestational Diabetes: Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually goes away after delivery. It occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased demands of pregnancy. Gestational diabetes can lead to complications during pregnancy and birth and increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Causes of Diabetes: The exact cause of diabetes is unknown, but there are several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing the disease. These include:

  • Family history of diabetes
  • Obesity or being overweight.
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Age over 45 years
  • Gestational diabetes during pregnancy
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Symptoms of Diabetes: The symptoms of diabetes vary depending on the type and severity of the disease. Some common symptoms include:

  • Frequent urination
  • Increased thirst and hunger
  • Fatigue
  • Blurred vision
  • Slow healing of wounds
  • Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet.
  • Recurring infections
  • Weight loss (Type 1 Diabetes)

It is important to note that some people with Type 2 diabetes may not experience any symptoms, and the disease may go undiagnosed for years. Regular check-ups and blood sugar monitoring are crucial to detecting and managing diabetes.

In conclusion, diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational diabetes. The causes of diabetes are complex and multifactorial, but there are several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing the disease. The symptoms of diabetes vary, but it is essential to monitor blood sugar levels and seek medical attention if any symptoms arise. With proper management and lifestyle changes, people with diabetes can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.